Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Issue - nature.com science f...
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology provides physicians and academics with authoritative and topical discussions of key developments in the field.

Liver: Nonobese individuals in the developing world are at risk of nonalcohol...
by Natalie J. Wood
The stereotypical image of a person with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) may need to re-evaluated, at least in the developing world, according to the findings of a new study by Abhijit Chowdury and colleagues.The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is rising in the developing
In brief
Crohn's diseaseThe synthetic analog of glucagon-like peptide 2, teduglutide, induced remission and mucosal healing in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. Buchman and colleagues conducted a pilot study across medical centers in the USA and Canada to assess the efficacy and dose of
Pediatrics: Probiotics reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis
by Isobel Franks
Probiotics reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolits in preterm, very low birth weight neonates, according to the results of an updated meta-analysis conducted by Deshpande et al.Necrotizing enterocolitis is a disorder in which segments of the gastrointestinal tract undergo necrosis. Its exact
Liver transplantation: Liver transplantation is associated with accelerated l...
by Natalie J. Wood
The findings of a new study suggest that healthy liver transplant recipients age more rapidly than age-matched controls.Graeme Alexander and colleagues tested the hypothesis that liver transplantation is associated with accelerated ageing, because many liver transplant recipients with established grafts die from infection, cancer
Obesity: Leptin intake during the suckling period may protect against obesity...
by Rachel Jones
The intake of leptin during the suckling period in neonatal rats programs an improved response of adipose tissue to a high-fat diet, a recent Spanish study reports.Leptin feeding resulted in an increased oxidative capacity of adipose tissue and prevented a decrease in the leptin
Pancreas: Autoimmune pancreatitis?mislocalization of CFTR ion channel correct...
by Katrina Ray
New research explains how corticosteroids reduce inflammation and improve secretion of bicarbonate and digestive enzymes in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis?the steroids correct mislocalization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein in pancreatic duct cells and aid regeneration of acinar cells in these patients.
Upper gastrointestinal tract: Gastroprotective agents are underprescribed amo...
by Rachel Jones
Approximately 60% of NSAID users at high risk of NSAID complications do not receive adequate gastroprotection, according to a study by Vera Valkhoff and colleagues.Patients on NSAIDs are at increased risk of upper gastrointestinal complications that range from dyspepsia to peptic ulcers and gastrointestinal
Vitamin E?therapy for NASH?
by Claire Greenhill
Treatment with vitamin E results in a substantial histological improvement in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), report Arun Sanyal and colleagues in the New England Journal of Medicine. Pioglitazone treatment also has beneficial effects on important histological features of this disease. However, treatment with
Probiotic helps to eradicate H. pylori
by Claire Greenhill
The probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii could improve the efficacy of triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication, according to a Korean research group. ?This addition [of S. boulardii] clearly led to higher ... eradication rates and lessened side effects,? write the researchers.Guidelines currently
Dyspepsia: Acute infectious gastroenteritis increases likelihood of dyspepsia
by Katrina Ray
Dyspepsia is more prevalent in people who have had an episode of acute infectious gastoenteritis than those who have not been exposed to this infection, according to results from a new Canadian study.Acute bacterial or viral infections are known to trigger chronic lower gastrointestinal
IBD: PPAR? is a key component of the colonic antimicrobial immune system
by Isobel Franks
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) has been identified as a key component of the antimicrobial immune system in the colon, according to the results of a new study.The gut microbiota is disturbed in patients with Crohn's disease. ?Patients' mucosa is characterized by defective expression
Defecation: Sacral nerve stimulation therapy for defecatory disorders
by Klaus E. Matzel
Chronic sacral nerve stimulation has an important role in the treatment of fecal incontinence. Newly reported findings indicate that this technique is an effective treatment for fecal incontinence resulting from unrepaired morphological defects of the anal sphincters, and suggest that the indications for this treatment can be expanded to include intractable constipation.
Constipation: Linaclotide?a stimulating new drug for chronic constipation
by Lucinda A. Harris
Few effective treatments for the common disorder of chronic constipation are currently available. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C receptor agonist, has shown promising efficacy as a treatment for chronic constipation in a phase IIb, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial. This new therapy could potentially improve symptoms, such as bloating and discomfort, as well as bowel habits for patients with chronic constipation.
Endoscopy: Fluorescein contrast in confocal laser endomicroscopy
by Sudarshan ParamsothyRupert W. L. Leong
Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an emerging technology with important applications in gastrointestinal imaging. Fluorescein, the contrast agent most commonly employed in CLE, has not yet been approved by the FDA for intravenous use with this technique in the gastrointestinal setting. A cross-sectional study suggests that fluorescein is generally safe and usually has none or only mild adverse effects in patients undergoing CLE.
Barrett esophagus: an update
by Rami J. BadreddineKenneth K. Wang
1 Jun 2010 at 12:00am
Many developments have been made in the field of Barrett esophagus that have tremendous clinical implications. There are new definitions of Barrett esophagus that have had an immediate clinical impact on cancer risk and screening. Of interest is the definition by the British Society of

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